The Only Guide to Maupin Roofing & Construction

A Biased View of Maupin Roofing & Construction


Family Handyman A new roof covering is not an affordable financial investment and looking for a new one can be daunting. The roof covering is the single crucial aspect of your home for securing you from the elements. When you're placing the security of your roof in the hands of professionals, there are a few steps you need to comply with to guarantee you're making the appropriate selection.


Make a listing of up to ten contractors in your location that you would love to investigate additionally. From there, narrow down your checklist based upon obvious requirements. Contractors that you can cross off are those that are not guaranteed or accredited, have a bad rating with the Better Company Bureau, have a multitude of unfavorable client reviews online, and are those who agree to offer you a quote over the phone without checking your home first.




How Maupin Roofing & Construction can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.


Ask your potential service provider how much time they have actually stayed in business, if they want to provide you a committed onsite point of contact for your job, and what references they can give (https://sandbox.zenodo.org/records/42982). Ask your leading three roofing candidates to find do a quote on the roofing system job that requires to be done


By adhering to the above actions and taking any kind of various other procedures you require to prior to the roof work begins, you'll make sure the procedure is as smooth and pain-free as it can be. Employing a trusted contractor with a long history and superior references will certainly give you the assurance you need to know you're having actually quality job carried out.


When you acquire Owens Corning roof covering roof shingles, you can feel confident that our dedication to top quality is of the greatest relevance.




A Biased View of Maupin Roofing & Construction


 


A good roof is one of the most vital parts of a home, safeguarding you from rainstorms, ice, and scorching summertime rays. When it comes to roof jobs, a financial investment this big is entitled to the best individual for the work.




Maupin Roofing & ConstructionMaupin Roofing & Construction
Whether you are changing, taking care of, or mounting a roof, allow these suggestions assist you to choosing the most effective roofing professional for the task. Selecting a trustworthy contractor will certainly conserve navigate here you time, money, and tension. Begin by examining listings of contractors near you and searching for excellent online testimonials. Ask loved ones in the location to recommend a roofer.




 


There are some actions you need to require to make sure a smooth hiring process and mutually pleasing job setup, detailed below. There are many reasons why you may need a roofer - roofing companies. Your roof might be harmed after a negative storm, or there might be leakages. Maybe your roof is nearing completion of its lifespan, which is commonly 20 to thirty years for shingle roofs.




A Biased View of Maupin Roofing & Construction


It is typically advised to obtain quotes from a minimum of three service providers in order to compare rates. You could consider an independent service provider or a business. Independent professionals are independent. Generally, they will employ subcontractors to help them on work. Some professionals supply specialized services and they have a tendency to function in smaller teams than companies.




Roofing professionals usually use the adhering to services, though these vary among service providers: Roof repairsRoof replacementRoof maintenanceRoof coatingRoof inspectionsGutter installationFlashing repairEaves repairRooftop air vent setup Not every state requires roofing contractors to be accredited. If yours does not, ask the contractor to prove their experience and ability. To protect your home and everyone included in the situation of an accident, workers' payment and obligation insurance coverage are a must.




The Main Principles Of Maupin Roofing & Construction


Ask for at the very least three references from past customers.




Maupin Roofing & ConstructionMaupin Roofing & Construction
Once you pinpoint 3 or more specialists that you would love to collaborate with, connect to them. Offer as numerous details as you can, including the specific concern, previous repairs, damages, ventilation needs, and more. They will send a person to do an analysis, after which they will certainly use a quote.


If your state does not call for licenses, you are liable for obtaining correct documentation from the service provider to make certain they are qualified - roof repair. Take into consideration asking for a history check depending on the dimension of the job.




Excitement About Maupin Roofing & Construction


Maupin Roofing & ConstructionMaupin Roofing & Construction
If the job checks out, make the last payment and leave an on the internet evaluation. Over the next couple of days and weeks, watch on your roofing. If you see anything unusual, get in touch with the roofer as soon as possible so they can aid you fix the concern.


The roof specialist you work with influences every aspect of your upcoming roof covering task. While finding a roofing specialist is simple, selecting a trusted one is a various tale.


This is just because of some people taking their evaluations to the extreme, excellent or poor. Most will certainly offer you an idea of the last top quality, if the business stands behind their job, and just how they interact with customers. Google is a great tool, yet you must likewise use various other on-line resources.




An Unbiased View of Maupin Roofing & Construction


Yet just like evaluations, you require to take recommendations with a grain of salt (https://www.wattpad.com/user/maupinro0fcon). Do extra research study on any type of potential roof firm and undergo their website to get a feeling for that they are. After limiting the checklist of professional roofer, there's one big thing they all require to share

 

Some Ideas on Maupin Roofing & Construction You Should Know

3 Easy Facts About Maupin Roofing & Construction Described


Value for your money is. Spending for inexpensive job is pointless if you're mosting likely to obtain a dreadful guarantee, unskilled crew and an unnecessarily long term job (best roofing company). If a specialist supplies you an incredibly affordable offer however can not adjust to the information and guidance outlined above, then you recognize they should not be the firm you choose to work with your roof




 


With the ability to inspect with their paperwork, validate their web visibility, speak to them in information concerning the job handy and the procedure they'll utilize to achieve it, you'll be able to make an excellent beginning - https://www.quora.com/profile/Geoffrey-Graham-35. From there, understanding the itinerary they'll offer you, what service warranties you can take advantage of and if taking your organization in other places might be better, you will certainly have covered all of your bases


Having problem finding the best roofer? Whether you're installing a brand-new roof covering or having your roofing system redone, it is very important to choose a roof professional very carefully. You might believe you're consulting with a specialist that knows what they are doing, yet there are things you ought to be mindful of to ensure you get on the ideal track.




A Biased View of Maupin Roofing & Construction


As soon as you have actually recognized a couple of potential contractors, it's crucial to inspect their on-line credibility. These remarks will give you an understanding right into consumers' experience with each roof covering service. Look for favorable remarks connected to function high quality, on-time shipment and clear interaction.


Ask any kind of roofing contractor you are interested in hiring how long they have actually remained in the service and discover what sorts of roof projects they have dealt with. It's constantly better to hire a professional that has actually completed a range of projects and recognizes with different kinds of roofing.




Getting My Maupin Roofing & Construction To Work




Various roof covering specialists specialise in different kinds of jobs. Before signing an agreement with a roofing contractor, verify that they have specialist responsibility insurance.


In addition, see to it the roofer offers a warranty to guarantee that the contractor will remain in charge of any issues associated with the quality of their help a specific period. Check the terms and period of the guarantee and make certain you recognize the conditions. It's very crucial to approach several roofer and demand quotes from every one of them.




Facts About Maupin Roofing & Construction Revealed


The Rgie du btiment du Qubec (RBQ) recommends that you contrast a minimum of 3 estimates to make an enlightened choice. You will be happy to understand that numerous contractors agree to use free quotes. Validate that the list below elements are consisted of in each roofing quote: Worksite protection determines Waste management Service warranty on the job RBQ certificate number Liability insurance Certifications (certified installer) Workforce accreditation Associations (CAA, and so on) When you have a number of quotes in hand, analyze them meticulously, taking your time to confirm crucial factors:: See to it you comprehend what's consisted of in the estimate, and inspect whether any type of surcharges may put on the overall price.




 


: Check the schedules provided with each estimate. If you have specific time constraints, make sure the roofing professional can satisfy your requirements.: Confirm that the products the roofing contractor intends to use are good top quality and ideal for your task. Inspect whether the roofer can utilize any particular brand names or kinds of materials (asphalt shingles, elastomeric membrane) that you have actually already chosen for your task.


Ensure you comprehend what's included in the quote and what isn't. When contrasting estimates, be mindful of deals that seem abnormally reduced. Extremely small cost might suggest inferior craftsmanship, bad quality products or a business seeking to draw in clients by Continued lowering their standards. A professional, experienced contractor will offer a competitive but reasonable quote.




About Maupin Roofing & Construction


Maupin Roofing & ConstructionMaupin Roofing & Construction
Assume you've located the excellent specialist contractor for all your roof installment and renovation projects? Currently is the time to validate if there have actually been any grievances about this professional.


Many of the most effective roofing contractors are professionals, not generalists. While there are several various sorts of service providers that might appear with the ability of doing a roof covering job, we advise experts who focus specifically on roof covering (installation and repair), roofing insulation, roof framework, tinsmithing and other elements of roof. You understand you have actually located the appropriate roofing professional if they are a specialist that is up to day on the most current developments in the area (ideal materials, roofing system ventilation, roof sealing systems, finest installation methods, and so on).




The 4-Minute Rule for Maupin Roofing & Construction


Maupin Roofing & ConstructionMaupin Roofing & Construction
Aiming to safeguard your home in Working with a firm that provides high quality roofing solutions is important. You want to discover a Florida roof service provider that you can rely on with your approaching roof project? Well, you are not the only one; No person desires to employ a bad service provider. We get it.


We have actually done so by fixing and setting up high-quality roofing systems. We also give our customers with the longest-lasting service warranties in the roof sector.




Maupin Roofing & ConstructionMaupin Roofing & Construction
Over the previous several years, we have actually seen top quality and in the Florida market. We recognize what to be on the lookout for (https://us.enrollbusiness.com/BusinessProfile/6628932/Maupin%20Roofing%20&%20Construction). So, in this article, we are mosting likely to give And with any luck, by the end, you'll have the information you need to make a wonderful employing choice. Audio great? Let's jump right in! Validate the roof covering firm has correct Florida state and regional service licenses.

 

Maximize Your House: Superior Gutter Installation Near Me Services

Expert Roofing Services for Your Home: Specialist Solutions for Roof Repair, Installment, and Cleansing



In the realm of homeownership, the honesty of one's roof stands as a stalwart guardian versus the aspects, protecting the really framework it crowns. When it concerns making sure the longevity and capability of this critical element, the solutions of knowledgeable professionals come to be crucial. From skilled repairs that address concerns immediately to careful installments that set the structure for years of defense, and the thorough cleansing that maintains both appearances and toughness, the experience offered by professional roofing services proves unmatched. The question stays: how does one navigate the myriad of choices offered to pick the excellent companion for their roof requires?




Roofing InstallationRoofing

Advantages of Professional Roof Repair



When it comes to maintaining the architectural honesty and durability of your home, the benefits of turning over specialist roofing system fixing solutions can not be overstated. Professional roof fixing uses a level of proficiency and precision that is important for guaranteeing that your roof covering stays in ideal problem. Among the primary benefits of hiring professionals for roof covering repair is the high quality of handiwork they supply. Experienced roofing professionals have the abilities and expertise to recognize and attend to any kind of issues with your roof covering effectively and properly.


Furthermore, expert roof repair work solutions often come with service warranties or guarantees, offering you tranquility of mind knowing that the work is backed by a commitment to high quality. In general, investing in professional roof fixing services is a wise decision that can safeguard your home and improve its general value.




Value of Professional Roof Covering Installment





Expert roofing installment is an essential part in making sure the structural stability and longevity of your home. Specialist roof covering installation likewise assists in preventing issues like leaks, fractures, and water damages, which can endanger the stability of your home and lead to mold growth or architectural damage.


Moreover, specialist roof covering installment makes sure that the products made use of are of the finest and are mounted according to industry standards. This not just improves the aesthetic appeal of your home yet additionally includes worth to your home. By buying professional roof installation, you can have comfort understanding that your home is well-protected which your roofing system will certainly do ideally for many years to find.




Gutter Installation Near MeRoofing Companies Near Me

Benefits of Specialist Roof Covering Cleaning



Having a properly maintained roof, including specialist installment and regular professional cleaning, is necessary for guaranteeing the longevity and structural honesty of your home. Professional roof cleansing supplies several advantages that add to the overall wellness and sturdiness of your roofing system. First of all, expert roofing cleaning aids protect against the growth of moss, algae, mold and mildew, and other damaging substances that can degrade your roof covering gradually. If left uncontrolled, these organisms not just compromise the look of your roofing yet can additionally cause best roof tiles architectural damages. Normal roof covering ubiflex flashing cleaning can extend the lifespan of your roofing system by eliminating particles and avoiding the build-up of wetness, which can lead to rot and decay. Additionally, a tidy roofing system enhances the curb charm of your home, enhancing its worth and aesthetic appeal. By purchasing professional roof covering cleaning company, you not only keep the functionality of your roofing system but likewise shield your home from potential damage and expensive fixings in the lengthy run.




Selecting the Right Roofing Services



In picking roof solutions, guaranteeing the expertise and integrity of the provider is vital for guarding the integrity of your home's roofing system. When picking the ideal roof services, there are several crucial variables to take into consideration.


Experienced specialists are extra likely to provide top quality craftsmanship and handle any kind of unexpected concerns that might arise throughout the project effectively. By taking the time to research study and select a trustworthy roof solution, you can ensure that your home's roofing system is in good hands.




Cost-Effective Solutions for Roof Covering Maintenance



When considering roofing solutions, checking out cost-effective solutions for roof covering upkeep becomes vital for preserving the longevity and capability of your home's roofing system. Roofing Contractor Long Island. One affordable service is to schedule annual roofing system inspections by professional roof covering services.




 


Another economical maintenance remedy is to address any kind of problems without delay. Whether it's fixing a tiny leak or replacing a few missing out on roof shingles, looking after minor repair work as quickly as they are observed can prevent additional damage and costs down the line. Purchasing correct attic insulation and air flow can additionally help prolong the life expectancy of your roofing by regulating temperature and dampness levels, reducing the risk of mold and mildew development and architectural damage. By implementing these cost-efficient maintenance options, you can ensure that your next roofing stays in top problem for several years to come.




Verdict



In verdict, professional roof services offer countless advantages for property owners, including professional services for roofing system cleansing, repair work, and setup. Trusting specialists in the field can assist house owners avoid expensive repairs and ensure their roofs continue to be in leading problem.




Emergency Roofing Services Long IslandRoofing
Expert roofing repair service offers a degree of experience and precision that is crucial for guaranteeing that your roof covering stays in optimal problem. Professional roofing system cleaning offers a number of advantages that contribute to the overall health and durability of your roof covering. Specialist roofing system cleansing assists stop the growth of moss, algae, mold and mildew, and other damaging compounds that can deteriorate your roofing system over time. By spending in expert roofing cleansing services, you not only keep the performance of your roofing however additionally safeguard your home from possible damage and expensive repair services in the long run.


When considering roof solutions, discovering cost-efficient solutions for roof maintenance becomes crucial for maintaining the longevity and functionality of your home's roofing system.

 

Roof Replacement Beavercreek OH: Boost Your Home's Roof

Roof Covering Services: Guaranteeing Optimum Insulation and Power Efficiency for Your Home



Are you looking to improve the insulation and energy efficiency of your home? We'll reveal you the importance of roof insulation and how to pick the appropriate service provider. And also, we'll give ideas for enhancing your roofing insulation and highlight the benefits of energy-efficient roof materials.




The Value of Roofing Insulation





Roof covering insulation is important in maintaining the ideal temperature level inside your home. During the warm summer months, insulation assists maintain the cool air produced by your air conditioning system within, reducing the requirement for too much cooling and reducing energy prices.




Roofing Company Beavercreek OhRoof Replacement Beavercreek Oh
Without correct roof covering insulation, your home comes to be at risk to severe temperature level variations. This can cause pain and a raised dependence on home heating and cooling down systems, causing greater power expenses (roofer beavercreek oh). Furthermore, poor insulation can add to the development of condensation and moisture buildup in your attic room, which can bring about mold growth and architectural damages gradually


Purchasing top quality roof insulation is an affordable way to boost the energy efficiency of your home and lower your carbon footprint. Proper insulation not just assists maintain a comfy indoor environment however also expands the life expectancy of your roofing materials by lowering the stress caused by severe temperature adjustments. By making sure optimal insulation, you can appreciate a much more comfy home while saving cash on energy costs.




Sorts Of Energy-Efficient Roof Materials



 


Steel roofing systems are highly reflective, which means they can mirror the sunlight's warm away from your home, keeping it cooler and lowering the demand for air conditioning. These roof coverings are covered with plants, which can help to shield your home and minimize energy intake. Eventually, the best energy-efficient roofing product for your home will depend on your details requirements and budget.




Just How to Select the Right Professional Roofer



To pick the best professional roofer, you'll want to consider their experience, reputation, and consumer testimonials. Experience is important because you want a person who understands what they're doing. Seek specialists that have been in the sector for several years and have efficiently completed comparable tasks. A reputable professional is a person who is understood for their professionalism and trust and quality of job. Ask about for suggestions and examine on the internet testimonials to obtain an idea of their credibility. Consumer reviews offer useful understandings right into the contractor's reliability, workmanship, and customer solution. Take note of both adverse and favorable testimonials to obtain a well balanced viewpoint. Along with experience, online reputation, and consumer testimonials, it's important to choose a specialist who is certified and insured. This guarantees that they are operating legitimately and have the essential insurance coverage in instance of damages or accidents. Finally, see to it to get several quotes from different specialists and compare them. This will help you find the most effective worth for your money. Keep in mind, selecting the best professional roofer is vital for a easy and successful roofing task.




Roofing Company Beavercreek OhRoofer Beavercreek Oh

 



Tips for Improving Roofing System Insulation



One way you can improve the insulation in your home is by adding more attic room insulation. By doing so, you can significantly reduce warmth loss throughout the cooler months and maintain your home colder in the summertime. Adding attic insulation is an affordable service that can help you minimize power costs and make your home extra comfy.


To begin, you can inspect the present insulation levels in your attic. If you locate that it wants or broken, it's time to add more insulation. You can select from a variety of insulation products, such as fiberglass, cellulose, or spray foam. Each has its very own benefits, so it is very important to take into consideration aspects like R-value, wetness resistance, and cost prior to making a decision.


When including much more attic insulation, it's essential to make certain proper installment. Insulation should be evenly dispersed and cover all locations of the attic, consisting of edges and edges.


Improving attic insulation is an easy yet reliable way to improve the insulation in your home. Start enhancing your attic insulation today and appreciate the benefits it brings.




Advantages of Energy-Efficient Roofing



Utilizing energy-efficient products for your roofing system can assist reduce your energy costs and decrease your carbon footprint. When you choose energy-efficient roofing materials, such as reflective roof shingles or steel roof coverings, you can significantly decrease the amount of warm that enters your home throughout the summer months. These materials have a high solar reflectance, meaning they reflect more sunlight away from your roof, keeping your home cooler and minimizing the demand for cooling. This can bring about significant financial savings on your power expenses.


Along with conserving cash, energy-efficient roofing can also aid decrease your carbon impact. By utilizing materials that decrease warm absorption, you decrease the quantity of energy needed to cool your home, which subsequently decreases the demand on nuclear power plant. This implies much less greenhouse gas discharges and a smaller effect on the environment.


Energy-efficient roof covering can likewise add to the general comfort of your home. With much better insulation and decreased anonymous warmth transfer, you can preserve a more regular indoor temperature level year-round. This implies less drafts in the wintertime and improved comfort throughout the hot summer season.


General, spending in energy-efficient roof products not only advantages investigate this site your wallet however additionally the atmosphere. By decreasing your utility expenses and reducing your carbon footprint, you can make a favorable effect on both your budget and the planet.




Roofer Beavercreek OhRoof Repair Beavercreek Oh

Verdict



So, when it comes to guaranteeing ideal insulation and energy performance for your home, it's important to pay attention to your roof services. By selecting the ideal roofer and choosing energy-efficient roofing materials, you can substantially boost your home's insulation. Don't neglect to think about pointers for boosting roofing insulation also. The benefits of energy-efficient roof covering are numerous, from lowering power expenses to increasing convenience levels in your home. Buy the ideal roofing solutions to take pleasure in these advantages and create an extra energy-efficient environment for your home.


Spending in premium roofing system insulation is an economical way to improve the power effectiveness of your home and reduce your carbon impact.One method you can boost the insulation in your home is by including much more attic room insulation.Improving attic insulation is a simple yet efficient means to improve the insulation in your home.So, when it comes to ensuring ideal insulation and power efficiency useful reference for your home, it's essential to pay focus to your roof solutions. By selecting the right roof covering contractor and selecting energy-efficient roof covering materials, you can dramatically enhance your home's insulation.

 

Examine This Report on Roof Repair

Roofing Services Can Be Fun For Anyone

 

Does experience truly issue when it involves roof covering? The old saying, "You get what you pay for," is true in lots of elements of life. Hardly ever is it extra pertinent than in the roof covering sector. Where the reliable contractor accomplishments, the unskilled contractor stumbles. Also small roofing fixings are hardly ever a do it yourself job for property owners.


Today, we're mosting likely to discuss 6 benefits of working with a skilled roofer, why they are essential in any type of repair service or replacement, and also clarified the risks of do-it-yourself roof covering. When selecting a roofer, experience issues. New roofing system companies getting in the market may recognize the fundamentals of repair and installment however with a seasoned specialist you will profit from their years in the sector.


Once the old roof covering is eliminated, it prevails for service providers to discover added problems. If this takes place, a licensed roofer will certainly be much better prepared to manage the situation. Since of their experience, you can trust them to understand the source of your trouble as well as the very best materials, strategies, and techniques to address them.

 

 

 

The 3-Minute Rule for Roof Repair


That desires their house to be the guinea pig for an unskilled business testing unknown methods? When selecting a roof contractor one of the most important elements to consider is "for how long have they stayed in business?" You intend to function with somebody that has been in the sector for a long time as well as has a solid reputation.


This gives you comfort that the repair service will be safeguarded whatever takes place after the work is complete. Typically, service provider handiwork guarantees on repairs are for one year or even more. Longer guarantees are not necessarily extra important than much shorter ones. The length of the warranty is less essential than the intent and capability of the roofing contractor to support it.


Considering that a certified specialist has access to the most effective warranties offered, you can not expect the exact same from an unskilled roofing contractor. Mishaps connected to roofing system fixings are very typical. Not only do roof employees have a higher price of injury than those in other industries, however the threat also enhances for unskilled employees.

 

 

 

The Ultimate Guide To Roofing Services


Now that we've reviewed all the benefits of hiring an experienced roof covering firm, you must have a much easier time discovering the best service provider for your residence. Keep in mind, your roofing system is a huge part of your house. For something so essential, it is important to employ a skilled contractor. Wait! Prior to you go, we have another item of recommendations: employ local! This will certainly assist you find a contractor that recognizes the very best practices for roof covering fixings as well as substitutes in your area.


2023 HER Roofing. All Civil liberties Booked.


Whether it's tornado damages, brand-new building, or put on as well as tear on an existing structure, has actually seen it all. If you need a roofer, your greatest inquiry is whether to hire among the large nationwide roofing business, a bigger local roofer, or a. Roofing visit this page is a prominent adequate construction need that word of mouth plays a huge part in a contractor getting a contact us to do service.

 

 

 

Examine This Report on Roofing Services


The far better the reputation a roofer has in the area, the most likely someone will certainly advise them to someone seeking to employ. The most effective means to gain that recommendation is to be laser-focused on customer support. Returning call promptly, addressing client inquiries, invoicing fairly, ending up tasks on time, and also explaining building plans are all something that successful neighborhood contractors make a routine of doing - Roofing services.

 

 

 

Roofing ServicesRoof Repair
Open as well as frequent communication whenever required or can help with a task is as important to a regional contractor's success as it is to the client's convenience degree. Communication can suffer when employees are not neighborhood and have little rate of interest in chatting to "the citizens. Roofing services." They wish to do the job and also go on to the next cookie-cutter roofing task.


Regional contractors are attached to the neighborhood neighborhood. Also if they do not live nearby, the business is regional as well as depends upon neighborhood a good reputation to succeed (Top 10 Best Roofers San Francisco). That implies the proprietor will take the time to create partnerships with the community. If for nothing else reason, those connections offer the possible consumer a way to verify the credibility of the service.

 

 

 

The Main Principles Of Roofing Services


Due to that, the a lot more regional a roofing contractor is, the more most likely they will recognize your worry as well as necessity. The drawback to being known as well as respected in your area is that a local roofer could be very active after a significant storm, yet the upside is you will certainly get a person who intends to do a fantastic work as rapidly as feasible.

 

 

 

Roof RepairRoofing Services

Roof RepairRoof Repair



That ties right into the 2nd component of this point: Understanding the local setting. If your contractor is strange with the weather condition as well as seasons you experience, they could go with materials that do not hold up well over time.


Placing roof shingles made for warm, completely dry weather condition in cold, damp New England is a prescription for early damage. Plus, if you wish to see firsthand what the roofer is capable of, you can take a trip to a task site without much trouble. With some contractors, recommendations are genuine, yet a ways away, implying you likely will not drop in their work, also if you can talk about the roofer with a referral.

 

 

 

The Buzz on Roof Repair


It can mean they lose customers that learn of non-compliance problems as well as do not want to bother with them. A local roofing contractor will nearly always do a much better task.
 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15